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The poultry population of Ethiopia is almost entirely composed of indigenous chicken, and recent estimates showed that 78.85%, 12.02%, and 9.11% are indigenous, hybrids, and exotic poultry, respectively. Poultry plays important roles in terms of generating employment opportunities, improving family nutrition, and empowering women. The growth of the poultry population over the year has almost stagnated because of high poultry mortality and the limited expansion of commercial poultry production. Therefore, this trend was initiated to analyze the trends of poultry population growth and distribution in Ethiopia. Data on annual poultry population growth and distribution in Ethiopia for the period of 2008 to 2021 were collected from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA). A trend test was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall’s trend test packaged in XLstat. The outcome of this trend indicated that the poultry population increased significantly in some regions.However, the distribution of poultry populations across the region is not uniform. The Oromia region has the most poultry, followed by Amhara, the South Nation and Nationality People of Ethiopia (SNNP), and Tigray.This is due to the availability of commercial poultry farms. Therefore, the future study should pay attention to the expansion of large-scale commercial poultry farms across the regions and the introduction of exotic poultry breeds.

Bacteriological assessment of and associated antibacterial profile of poultries kept under different unused litter. Twenty four (24) unused litters) collected in Mc Cartney bottles were gently shook. stirred with sterile glass rod until the droppings mixed thoroughly and aliquot (0.1ml) was pure plated in nutrient agar and selective and differential media. The plates were inverted and incubated aerobically at 37?C for 24hrs after which the plates were examined for growth. The bacteria colonies that develop on all media plates were sub-cultured by streaking on a freshly prepared nutrient agar plates until pure colonies were obtained. Isolates obtained were characterized and identified on the basis of their microscopic and sugar fermentation characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical tests and morphological characteristics of the colonies through macroscopic features were also carried out. The bacterial isolates from feacal droppings were Klebsiella spp., Escherichia. coli, Streptococcuss spp., Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Aerobacter spp., while only Klebsiella spp., E. coli, Citrobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were isolated from unused litters. The bacterial isolates have multidrug resistance (MDR) and showed high resistance to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Augmentin, Tetracycline and Sulfamethoxasole. It was concluded from this study that the poultry droppings harboured pathogenic bacteria some of which were multiple antibiotics resistant which may be linked with indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents, use of leftover antibiotics from a family member and improper discontinuation of antibiotics. There should be regulation on the use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in poultry birds. Feed and water troughs should be cleaned daily and fresh feed and water should be supplied.